Indian Constitution CBSE Class 8 ( civics)

Indian Constitution

1.Which document outlines the basic principles and laws of the Indian government?

Answer: The Indian Constitution outlines the basic principles and laws of the Indian government.

 

2.What is the preamble of the Indian Constitution?

Answer: The preamble of the Indian Constitution is an introductory statement that sets out the objectives and purposes of the Constitution.

 

3.Who is the head of the Indian state?

Answer: The President of India is the head of the Indian state.

 

4.Who is the head of the Indian government?

Answer: The Prime Minister of India is the head of the Indian government.

 

5.What is the significance of the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution?

Answer: The Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution protect the individual liberties and freedoms of citizens from the arbitrary actions of the state.

6.What is the role of the Supreme Court in the Indian Constitution?

Answer: The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in India and its role is to interpret the Constitution and ensure that the laws and actions of the government are consistent with its provisions.

 

7.What is the minimum age requirement for becoming the President of India?

Answer: The minimum age requirement for becoming the President of India is 35 years.

 

8.Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a separate Election Commission?

Answer: Article 324 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a separate Election Commission.

 

9.What is the term of office for a member of the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The term of office for a member of the Rajya Sabha is six years.

 

10.Who has the power to amend the Indian Constitution?

Answer: The Indian Constitution can be amended by the Parliament, but certain amendments require the approval of a majority of the state legislatures as well.

 

11.Who is responsible for the preparation and presentation of the Union Budget in India?

Answer: The Finance Minister of India is responsible for the preparation and presentation of the Union Budget.

 

12.Which fundamental right ensures equality before the law for all citizens?

Answer: The right to equality before the law, guaranteed under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, ensures equality before the law for all citizens.

 

13.What is the maximum number of members that can be appointed to the Lok Sabha?

Answer: The maximum number of members that can be appointed to the Lok Sabha is 552.

 

14.What is the term of office for the Vice President of India?

Answer: The term of office for the Vice President of India is five years.

 

15.What is the role of the Governor in the Indian federal system?

Answer: The Governor is the head of the state and represents the Union government in the state. The Governor also plays an important role in the administration of the state.

 

16.Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of Panchayats?

Answer: Article 243 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of Panchayats.

 

17.What is the term of office for a member of the Legislative Assembly in a state?

Answer: The term of office for a member of the Legislative Assembly in a state is five years.

 

18.What is the composition of the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The Rajya Sabha consists of 250 members, of which 238 are elected by the state and territorial legislatures and 12 are nominated by the President.

 

19.What is the minimum age requirement for becoming a member of the Lok Sabha?

Answer: The minimum age requirement for becoming a member of the Lok Sabha is 25 years.

 

19.What is the role of the Attorney General of India?

Answer: The Attorney General of India is the chief legal advisor to the government of India and represents the government in legal matters.

 

20.Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of religion?

Answer: Article 25 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of religion.

 

21.What is the role of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?

Answer: The Comptroller and Auditor General of India is responsible for auditing the accounts of the government and ensuring transparency and accountability in public financial management.

 

22.Which fundamental right guarantees the right to life and personal liberty?

Answer: The right to life and personal liberty, guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, is a fundamental right.

 

23.What is the term of office for a member of the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The term of office for a member of the Rajya Sabha is six years.

 

24.What is the composition of the Lok Sabha?

Answer: The Lok Sabha consists of 545 members, of which 543 are elected by the people and 2 are nominated by the President.

 

25.What is the role of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

Answer: The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the House and is responsible for maintaining order and conducting its proceedings.

 

26.Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to education?

Answer: Article 21A of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to education.

 

27.What is the role of the Union Cabinet in the Indian government?

Answer: The Union Cabinet is the highest decision-making body of the Indian government and is responsible for making policy decisions and implementing government programs.

 

28.Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission?

Answer: Article 21 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission.

 

29.What is the term of office for a member of the Legislative Council in a state?

Answer: The term of office for a member of the Legislative Council in a state is six years.

 

Questions Carrying 3 marks:

1.What is Constitution

Ans: A Constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. It is a written document that defines the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, the powers and limitations of the government, and the basic structure and functioning of the government. In the case of a country, a constitution is the supreme law of the land and serves as the foundation of the country's legal and political systems. It also ensures the protection of individual rights and promotes social justice and equality.

2. In which year the Constitution of Nepal was adopted

Ans: The current Constitution of Nepal was adopted on September 20, 2015.

 

3. Why did Nepal need a new Constitution in 2006

Ans: In 2006, Nepal underwent a major political change when the decade-long civil war between the government and the Maoists came to an end. The peace agreement that was signed between the government and the Maoists called for the establishment of a democratic, federal and secular Nepal. In order to implement these changes and ensure a stable and peaceful future for the country, Nepal needed a new Constitution that reflected the aspirations of its people and provided a framework for a democratic and inclusive society. Therefore, the need for a new Constitution arose in 2006. However, it took several years of negotiations, discussions and consultations among various stakeholders before the new Constitution was finally adopted in 2015.

 

4.Why can anybody not rule over us in a democratic country

Ans: In a democratic country, the power to govern is vested in the hands of the people, who exercise this power through the process of free and fair elections. In a democracy, the government is accountable to the people and is expected to serve the interests of the people. The Constitution of a democratic country lays down the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, the powers and limitations of the government, and the basic structure and functioning of the government. These provisions ensure that no individual or group can rule over the people against their will, and that the rights and freedoms of the people are protected. In a democracy, the people have the right to choose their leaders and hold them accountable for their actions, which ensures that the government is always responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people. Therefore, in a democratic country, nobody can rule over the people without their consent.

 

 

 

 

 

5. What are the Key features of Indian Constitution?

Ans: The Indian Constitution is one of the longest and most detailed constitutions in the world. Some of its key features are:

Written Constitution: The Indian Constitution is a written document that lays down the fundamental principles and rules according to which the country is governed.

Federal System of Government: The Indian Constitution provides for a federal system of government, where power is divided between the central government and the state governments.

Parliamentary Form of Government: India has a parliamentary form of government, where the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government.

Fundamental Rights: The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens of India, including the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.

Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution also lays down the Directive Principles of State Policy, which are guidelines for the government to ensure social, economic and political justice and the welfare of the people.

Independent Judiciary: India has an independent judiciary, which is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the laws of the country.

Universal Adult Franchise: The Constitution provides for universal adult franchise, where every citizen of India who is 18 years or above has the right to vote.

Secularism: The Indian Constitution provides for a secular state, where all religions are treated equally and the state does not endorse any particular religion.

Single Citizenship: India has a single citizenship, where every citizen of India is considered to be a citizen of the country as a whole and not of any particular state.

 

Amendment Process: The Constitution provides for a detailed process of amendment, which ensures that the Constitution can be amended when necessary, but at the same time, the basic structure of the Constitution remains intact.

 

6. What are the fundamental rights in the Constitution of India?

Ans: The Constitution of India guarantees the following fundamental rights to all citizens:

Right to Equality: This includes the right to equality before the law, equal protection of the laws, and the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Right to Freedom: This includes the right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and the right to practice any profession or occupation.

Right Against Exploitation: This includes the prohibition of traffic in human beings, forced labour, and child labour.

Right to Freedom of Religion: This includes the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any religion, as well as the freedom to manage religious affairs.

Cultural and Educational Rights: This includes the right to preserve and promote one's culture, and the right to education.

Right to Life and Personal Liberty: This includes the right to life and personal liberty, and the prohibition of arbitrary arrest, detention or imprisonment.

Right to Constitutional Remedies: This includes the right to move the Supreme Court or High Courts for the enforcement of fundamental rights.

These fundamental rights are an essential part of the Constitution of India and ensure that all citizens are guaranteed certain basic rights and freedoms that cannot be taken away by the government.

 

7.Difference between parliament form of government and presidential form of government. Give examples

Ans: The key difference between a parliamentary form of government and a presidential form of government lies in the separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of government.

In a parliamentary form of government, the executive branch is headed by a Prime Minister who is responsible to the legislature, i.e., the Parliament. The Prime Minister is a member of the Parliament and is accountable to it for the policies and actions of the government. The Parliament can remove the Prime Minister from office through a vote of no-confidence. The President is the ceremonial head of state and has limited powers. India, the United Kingdom, and Japan are examples of countries with a parliamentary form of government.

In a presidential form of government, the executive and legislative branches of government are separate and co-equal. The President is the head of both the state and government and is elected by the people through a direct vote. The President has significant powers to veto legislation and to appoint and dismiss government officials, without the need for the approval of the legislative branch. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws and is not accountable to the President. The United States, Brazil, and Mexico are examples of countries with a presidential form of government.

The main advantages of a parliamentary form of government are that it promotes consensus-building and accountability, and provides for stable and effective governance. The main advantage of a presidential form of government is that it provides for a clear separation of powers and checks and balances between the executive and legislative branches of government, which can help to prevent abuses of power.

8. What do you mean by separation of power.

Ans: Separation of power is a fundamental principle of democratic governance that involves dividing the powers of government among different branches, each with its own distinct functions and responsibilities. This is done to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful or from abusing its authority.

The separation of power typically involves the following three branches of government:

The Legislative Branch: This is responsible for making laws, approving budgets and overseeing the work of the executive branch.

The Executive Branch: This is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws, managing the day-to-day affairs of the country, and representing the country in international affairs.

The Judicial Branch: This is responsible for interpreting the laws, adjudicating disputes, and ensuring that the actions of the other branches of government are in accordance with the Constitution.

By separating the powers of government in this way, each branch acts as a check on the others, creating a system of checks and balances that prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful. This helps to ensure that the government is accountable to the people, and that the rights and freedoms of individuals are protected.

 

9. Explain the Preamble to the Constitution of India.

Ans: The Preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets forth the objectives and purposes of the Constitution. It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and outlines the values and principles that underlie the Constitution. These include justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, and human dignity. The Preamble reflects the aspirations and goals of the Indian people and provides the framework for the Constitution.

 

10.What is the procedure for amending the Constitution of India?

Ans: The Constitution of India can be amended by a special procedure set out in Article 368. The process involves the following steps:

 

The amendment must be introduced in either House of Parliament as a Bill.

The Bill must be passed in each House of Parliament by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting.

The Bill must then be sent to the President for assent.

If the President gives his assent, the amendment becomes part of the Constitution.

Certain amendments require a higher level of support, such as those relating to the federal nature of the Constitution, the fundamental rights, and the powers of the judiciary. These amendments require a two-thirds majority in each House of Parliament, as well as ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.

 

11. Explain the importance of fundamental rights in the Constitution of India.

Ans: Fundamental rights are an important part of the Constitution of India as they provide protection to individual citizens against the arbitrary and oppressive actions of the government. These rights ensure that every citizen has the freedom to express themselves, practice their religion, and pursue their own interests without fear of discrimination or persecution. They also guarantee equality before the law, and protect citizens from arbitrary arrest and detention.

Fundamental rights are essential for the functioning of a democratic society and are based on the principles of liberty, equality, and justice. The Constitution of India guarantees six fundamental rights to all citizens, which include the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies. These fundamental rights ensure that every citizen has access to basic freedoms and can live a life with dignity and respect."

 

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